Turbine-vaned antidetonation cylinder head for internal-combustion engines



A. MOORE TURBINE VANED ANTIDETONATION CYLINDER HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Oct. so. 1926 Jan, 17, 1928. 1,656,359

s w KL ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 17, 1928. v

UNITED STATES 1,656,359 PATENT OFFICE.

ARLINGTON MOORE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO MAXMOOB CORPORATION, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

TURBINE-VANED ANTIDETONATION CYLINDER HEAD FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Application flied October 30, 1926. Serial No. 145,211.

My invention is of an anti-detonation cylinder head for internal combustion engines, which is provided with downward extensions from the ceiling wall of the combustion chamber having substantially the form and effect of turbine vanes.

I make use herein of the language of vertical engines for obtaining convenience of expression, but not in a limiting sense, as the engine cylinders may be horizontal, in-

clined or arranged in other ways as well as vertically.

These turbine vanes are arranged over the cylinder bore, and the spark plug is preferably located at the center of the vaned structure.

An object of the inventionis the production of highly turbulent movement of gases within the engine cylinder.

The invention will be best understood from the following description of an illustrative embodiment of the invention shown in the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a partial vertical section of an L-head four-cycle engine taken onthe line 11,

Fig. 2, and Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view of the combustion chamber ceiling.

The engine 10 illustrated is of the L head four-cycle type and has a cylinder block 12 co'ntaining the cylinder bore 14, in which the piston 16 works, the cylinder head 18 containing the combustion chamber 20,

valves 22, of which one is shown, and spark plug 24 preferably located centrally over the cylinder bore 14.

The present invention is concerned particularly with th conformation of the top or ceiling wall 25 of the combustion chamber 20 in the cylinder head 18. According to my invention, the art of the combustion chambcr ceiling wallgwhich is over the c linder bore 14, is provided with a plura ity of downwardly extending projections 26, which are of the nature of turbine vanes, being so nested or interrelated that at one end 28 they are furthest from the center and at the opposite end 30 they approach more closely to the center of the part ofthe combustion.

chamber ceiling, which is over the cylinder bore 14. In this sense the vanes can properly be referred to as substantially radial or substantially radiating vanes and these terms are used herein with such meaning.

The members or vanes 26 are preferably arcuate, providing concave inner edge portions 32 and convex outer edge portions 34. The members 26 are disposed symmetrically about the axis of. the cylinder bore 14 and about the spark plug 24 in angular relation to each other, and extend from points located about said axis outwardly in a spiral or circu mferential direction relative to said axis.

The faces of the vanes which are presented toward the piston head preferably com rise a plurality of substantiall plane sur aces located at a plurality of di erent levels, and in the form shown each vane is constructed with two substantially vertical or riser surfaces 36, 38 on its inner half witha substantially plane step surface 40 between them, while the outer half has only the one riser surface 42 and the step surface 44 projecting about twice as far from the com bustion chamber ceiling as the step surface 40 on the inner half.

The radiating vanes 26are'separated from one another leaving the central recess 45 in the middle of which the hole 46 for the spark plug 24 is located, and also leaving open passages 48 between the adjacent vanes of the series, these passa es 48 having wide inner portions, relative y constricted intermediate portions and relatively wide outer portions, and finally leaving the outer passage 50 between the vanes and the side walls 52 of the combustion chamber. The coolin r chamber 54 in the cylinder head 18 is pre erably extended down within the vanes 26,

as shown at 56, in such manner as to obtain substantially uniform wall thickness and efficient withdrawal of heat by the material of the vanes 26.

It will be evident that, upon intake passage of the gases into the engine cylinder, extensive turbulence is created by the vaned structure pro'ecting downwardly from. the top wall of t e combustion chamber and a like effect is obtained upon the compression stroke, securing the thorough mixing of the fuel constituent with other constituents of the charge, which is desirable to ensure substantially complete combustion. While it is not possible to enunciate any specific theory as to operat-ion'durin firing, it is my belief that the avoidance o detonation obtainable with the use of my invention even with high compression engines of the order of 6:1 or

higher, and without anti-detonation dopes in the fuel, results from the concentration of flame travel in substantially spiral paths of increasing section, this fiame'travel being accelerated by the turbulent state of the gases and by the surface combustion effect due to concentration of gases adjacent to the extensive metallic surfaces interposed in the path of flame travel, and that any pressure wave which may precede the flame travel is broken up by the multi-surfaced projections with which it must come into contact and is permitted to expand and the charge material ield from spontaneous combustion by being led into spaces giving increased room for the gases. The increase in area of cooled surface obtained by the provision of the downwardly projecting vanes apparently serves with the turbulence of the gases to withdraw any excess of heat which would be productive of detonation, and these also serve to keep down localincandescence and in-this way to avoid preignition, which may result from excessive tem eratures.

The highest bene ts of the present invention are realized when complete combustion and absence of carbon deposits are obtained by the use of my improved system of combustion, involving the supplying to the engine intake over the throttle of exhaust gas:

and air at temperatures and in proportions and quantities metered to suit the engine requirements at varying speeds and loads, as set forth, for example in my copending application Serial No. 75 ,075, filed December 19th, 1924. i

The subject matter of my invention disclosed in this application and not claimed therein is disclosed and claimed in part in my copending application Serial No. 142,- 230, filed October 18, 1926, and in part in one or more of the following copending applications filed by me: Serial No. 125,414, filed July 28, 1926; Serial No. 140,726, filed Oct. 11, 1926; Serial No. 142,231, filed Oct. 18, 1926; Serial N 0. 143,317 filed Oct. 22, 1926;

a Serial No. 145,212, filed Oct. '30, 1926.

I claim: V 1. An L-head four-cycle internal com. bustion engine having a spark plug opening located substantially centrally of that art of the combustion chamber ceiling whic is over the cylinder bore, and a series of curved vanes radiating from the spark plug hole and providing therebetween passages which increase in width towards the other ends, the faces of the vanes which face the piston head comprising surfaces at different distances down from the combustion chamber ceiling.

2. combustion chamber for internal combustion engines having the o ening for the spark plug located substantially centrally over, the c linder bore and having in the combustion c amber ceiling around the spark from the spark plug opening to provide passages therebetween, said passages enlar m in section as the same a roach the outer ends thereof.

3. An internal combustion engine compris-' ing a cylinder having a combustion chamber at the end thereof, a piston in said cylinder,

means for admitting a. fuel and air mixture thereto, and a plurality of members disposed within the space between the piston portion and the opposing wall portion of said combustion chamber, and projecting from one of said portions towards the other thereof; said members being disposed in spaced relation about a central point, and each extending outwardly in a spiral direction relative to said point for producing a turbulent movementof said mixture. 7

4. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a combustion chamber at the end thereof, means for admitting a mixture of fuel and air to said c linder, and a plurality of members dispose within the space between the piston portion and the op posing wall portion of said combustion chamber, and extending from one of said portions towards the other thereof; said members being disposed about the axis of said cylinder in angular relation to each other and extending outwardly and circumferentially relative to said axis for producing a turbulent movement of said mixture.

5. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a combustion chamber at the end thereof, means for admit-ting a mixture of fuel and air to said cylinder, and a plurality of arcuate members disposed within the space between the piston portion and the opposing wall portion of said combustion chamber and extending from one of said portions towards the other thereof; said member s being disposed symmetrically about a central point in angular relation to each other and extending outwardly for producing a turbulent movement of said mixture.

. 6. An internal combustion engine compris ing a series of. spaced members arranged spirally, and each'havingsurfaces lying indifferent planes; said members being disposed in the path of the fuel and air mixture and serving to produce turbulent movement thereof.

7. An internal combustion engine comprising a plurality of members disposed within the space between the piston portion and the opposing wall portion of the combustion chamber and projecting from the portion at one end of said space towards the portion at the opposite end thereof; said members extending outwardly in a circumferential di-.

rection relative to the axis of the cylinder and providing passages therebetween increasing in width towards the outer ends thereof,

8. An internal combustion engine comprising a series of elongated members disposed substantially symmetrically about a central point in angular relation to each other and providing therebetween outwardly extending passages having wide inner portions, constricted intermediate portions and outer portions increasing in width towards the outer ends of said members; said members lying in the path of the fuel and air mixture, and

serving to produce turbulent movement thereof.

9. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a combustion chamber at the end thereof, means for admitting a mixture of fuel and air tosaid cylinder, and a pluralit of members projecting from the ceiling 0 said combustion chamber; said members being disposed in spaced relation about a central point, and extending outwardly in a spiral direction relative to said point for producing a turbulent movement of said mixture.

10. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a combustion chamber at the end thereof, means for admitting a mixture of fuel and air to said cylinder, and a plurality of separate members projecting from the wall of said combustion chamber and'disposed in an ular relation to each other about a centra point; said members each having a plurality of stepped surfaces.

11. An internal combustion engine comprising a series of arcuate members disposed within the space between the piston portion and the opposing wall portion of the combustion chamber, and projecting fromthe portion at one endof said space towards the portion at the opposite end thereof; said members extending outwardly. from points adjacent to the axis of the cylinder providing a plurality of passages therebetween increasing in width as. the sameapproach the outer ends thereof; and havin a plurality of transverse surfaces arrange in different plt nes,

12. An internal combustion engine com prising a series of arcuate members disposed in angular relation to each other substantially symmetrically about a central point and having the inner end of each thereof in spaced relation to the concave side of the ad'acentmember centrally thereof and providing therebetween outwardly extending passages having wide inner portions, relatively constricted intermediate portions and outer portions increasing in width towards the outer ends of said members; said members each having exposed transverse surfaces disposed in different planes to provide a step-like structure, and serving to impart a turbulent movement to the charge mixture.

13. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a combustion chamber at one end thereof,'means for admitting a mixture of fuel and air to said clyllinder, a s ark plug in said combustion c amber, an a plurality of members projecting from the wall of said combustion chamber and disposed about said spark plug in angular relation to each other; said members extending outwardly and providing passages therebetween for producing a turbulent movement of said mixture.

14. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder havin a combustion chamber at one end thereo means for admitting a mixture of fuel and air to said cylinder, a spark plug in said combustion chamber disposed in alignement with the axis of said cylinder, and a plurality of members disposed about the axis of said cylinder in spaced relation to each other and each extending outwardly in a circumferential direction relative to said axis for producing a turbulent movement of said mixture.

15. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder. havin a combustion chamber at one end thereo means for admitting a mixture of fuel and air to said c linder, a spark plug in said combustion c amber, and arcuate vanes projecting from the ceiling wall of said combustion chamber; said vanes having the inner ends thereof disposed about said spark plug, and extending outwardly therefrom,

16. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a combustion chamber at the end thereof, means for admitting a mixture of fuel and air to said cylinder, a spark lug disposed 'substan' tially centrall of t e combustion chamber ceiling over t e cylinder bore, and a series of elongated members ojecting from the said ceiling; said mem ers being dis osed about said spark plug in angular re ation to each other and extending outwardly therefrom to provide therebetween passa es each having a wide inner portion, a re atively constricted intermediate portion and a relatively wide outer portion.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name hereto.

ARLINGTON MOORE.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,656,359. Granted January 17, 1928, to

ARLINGTON MOORE.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the .above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 2, line 56, claim 1, for the word "other" read "outer"; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office:

Signed and sealed this 14th day of February, A. D. 1928.

M. J. Moore, Seal. Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

